四大名繡英文介紹四大名繡中英文簡介（其他國學）

刺繡是中國傳統工藝中有名的文化，在中國有名的刺繡有四大名繡，分別是四川的蜀繡，湖南的湘繡，廣東的粵繡，江蘇的蘇繡，四大名繡在刺繡中是很有名的，而且運用在很多的地方。一起看看四大名繡的英文介紹。

Su Embroidery蘇繡
　　With a history of more than 3,000 years, Su embroidery is the general name for embroidery products in areas around Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. The craft, which dates back to the Three Kingdoms Period （220-280）， became a sideline of people in the Suzhou area during the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644）。 Well known for its smoothness and delicateness, Su embroidery won Suzhou the title City of Embroidery in the Qing Dynasty. In the mid and late Qing, Su embroidery experienced further developments involving works of double-sided embroidering. There were 65 embroidery stores in Suzhou City. During the Republic of China period （1912-1949）， the Su embroidery industry was in decline due to frequent wars and it was restored and regenerated after the founding of new China. In 1950, the central government set up research centers for Su embroidery and launched training courses for the study of embroidery. Weaving methods have climbed from 18 to the present 40.

　　蘇繡是以江蘇蘇州爲中心的刺繡產品的總稱。蘇州刺繡至今已有2000餘年的歷史，早在三國時期（公元220～280年）就有了關於蘇繡製作的記載。此後經過歷代的不斷髮展完善，到明代（1368～1644年）時，蘇繡已成爲蘇州地區一項普遍的羣衆性副業產品，形成了“家家養蠶，戶戶刺繡”的局面。清代（公元1644～1911年）的蘇繡以“精細雅潔”而聞名，當時的蘇州更有了“繡市”的譽稱。清代中後期，蘇繡在繡制技術上有了進一步發展，新出現了精美的“雙面繡”，僅蘇州一地專門經營刺繡的商家就有65家之多。民國時期（公元1912～1949年），由於常年戰亂，蘇繡業曾一度衰落。新中國成立後，蘇繡得到進一步的恢復和發展。1950年後，國家專門設立了蘇繡研究所，並開辦刺繡訓練班。蘇繡的針法由原來的18種發展到今天的40餘種。

　　Su embroidery features a strong, folk flavor and its weaving techniques are characterized by the following: the product surface must be flat, the rim must be neat, the needle must be thin, the lines must be dense, the color must be harmonious and bright and the picture must be even. Su embroidery products fall into three major categories: costumes, decorations for halls and crafts for daily use, which integrate decorative and practical values. Double-sided embroidery is an excellent representative of Su embroidery.

　　蘇繡具有圖案秀麗、構思巧妙、繡工細緻、針法活潑、色彩清雅的獨特風格，地方特色濃郁。繡技具有“平、齊、細、密、和、光、順、勻”的特點。“平”指繡面平展；“齊”指圖案邊緣齊整；“細”指用針細巧，繡線精細；“密”指線條排列緊湊，不露針跡；“和”指設色適宜；“光”指光彩奪目，色澤鮮明；“順”指絲理圓轉自如；“勻”指線條精細均勻，疏密一致。在種類上，蘇繡作品主要可分爲零剪、戲衣、掛屏三大類，裝飾性與實用性兼備。其中以“雙面繡”作品最爲精美。

　　Xiang Embroidery湘繡
　　Xiang embroidery is well known for its time-honored history, excellent craftsmanship and unique style. The earliest piece of Xiang embroidery was unearthed at the No 1 Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha City of the Han Dynasty （206BC-AD220）。 The weaving technique was almost the same as the one used in modern times, which demonstrated that embroidery had already existed in the Han Dynasty.

　　作爲中國四大名繡之一的湘繡，向來以歷史悠久，工藝精湛，風格獨特而聞名海內外。迄今爲止發現的最早的湘繡製品，是長沙馬王堆一號漢代（公元前206年～公元220年）墓葬出土的一件絲織品，它所

　　使用的針法與現代湘繡所差無幾，說明早在兩千多年前的漢代，湘繡工藝就已經產生了。

　　In its later development, Xiang Embroidery absorbed the characteristics of traditional Chinese paintings and formed its own unique characteristics. Xiang embroidery experienced its heyday at the end of the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911） and in the early Republic of China （early 20th century）， even surpassing Su embroidery. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiang embroidery was further improved and developed to a new level.

　　此後經過漫長的發展，湘繡逐漸將國畫傳統特點引入其中，從而形成了自身的獨特風格。至清末民初（20世紀初期），湘繡的發展達到鼎盛時期，甚至超越了蘇繡，在中國刺繡業中獨佔鰲頭。新中國成立後，湘繡工作者在繼承傳統的基礎上致力創新，使湘繡工藝提高到一個嶄新的水平。

　　Xiang embroidery uses pure silk, hard satin, soft satin and nylon as its material, which is connected with colorful silk threads. Absorbing the spirit of Chinese paintings, the embroidery reaches a high artistic level. Xiang embroidery crafts include valuable works of art, as well as materials for daily use.

　　湘繡主要以純絲、硬緞、軟緞、尼綸等爲原料，配以各色的絲絨線繡制而成。它以中國畫爲神，充分發揮針法的表現力，達到構圖嚴謹，形象逼真，色彩鮮明，質感強烈，形神兼備的藝術境界。繡品中既有名貴的欣賞藝術品，也有美觀適用的日用品。

　　Shu Embroidery蜀繡
　　Also called Chuan embroidery, Shu embroidery is the general name for embroidery products in areas around Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

　　蜀繡也稱“川繡”，它是以四川成都爲中心的刺繡產品的總稱。

　　Shu embroidery enjoys a long history. As early as the Han Dynasty, Shu embroidery was already famous. The central government even designated an office in this area for its administration. During the Five Dynasties and Ten States periods （907-960）， a peaceful society and large demand provided advanced conditions for the rapid development of the Shu Embroidery industry. Shu embroidery experienced its peak development in the Song Dynasty （960-1279）， ranking first in both production and excellence. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Shu embroidery industry was formed. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shu embroidery factories were set up and the craft entered a new phase of development, using innovative techniques and a larger variety of forms.

　　蜀繡的生產具有悠久的歷史。早在漢代（公元前206～公元220年），蜀繡之名就已譽滿天下，漢朝政府還在成都專門設置了“錦官”進行管理。漢以後至五代十國時期（公元907～960年），四川相對安定的局面爲蜀繡的發展創造了有利的條件，社會需求的不斷增大，刺激了蜀繡業的飛速發展。到了宋代（公元960～1279年），蜀繡的發展達到鼎盛時期，繡品在工藝、產銷量和精美程度上都獨步天下。清朝（公元1644～1911年）中葉以後，蜀繡逐漸形成行業，當時各縣官府均設“勸工局”以鼓勵蜀繡生產。新中國成立後，在四川設立了成都蜀繡廠，使蜀繡工藝的發展進入了一個新階段，技術上不斷創新，品種日益增多。

　　Originating among the folk people in the west of Sichuan Province, Shu embroidery formed its own

　　unique characteristics: smooth, bright, neat and influenced by the geographical environment, customs and cultures. The works incorporated flowers, leaves, animals, mountains, rivers and human figures as their themes. Altogether, there are 122 approaches in 12 categories for weaving. The craftsmanship of Shu embroidery involves a combination of fine arts, aesthetics and practical uses, such as the facings of quilts, pillowcases, coats, shoes and screen covers.

　　蜀繡起源於川西民間，在長期的發展過程中，由於受地理環境、風俗習慣、文化藝術等方面的影響，逐漸形成了嚴謹細膩、光亮平整、構圖疏朗、渾厚圓潤、色彩明快的獨特風格。蜀繡作品的選材豐富，有花草樹木、飛禽走獸、山水魚蟲、人物肖像等。針法包括12大類共122種，常用的針法有暈針、鋪針、滾針、截針、摻針、沙針、蓋針等，講究“針腳整齊，線片光亮，緊密柔和，車擰到家”。繡品的種類繁多，包括被面、枕套、衣、鞋和畫屏等，既有巨幅條屏，又有袖珍小件，是觀賞性與實用性兼備的精美藝術品。

　　Yue Embroidery粵繡
　　Also called Guang embroidery, Yue embroidery is a general name for embroidery products of the regions of Guangzhou, Shantou, Zhongshan, Fanyu and Shunde in Guangdong Province.

　　粵繡也稱“廣繡”，它是出產於廣東省廣州、潮州、汕頭、中山、番禺、順德一帶刺繡品的總稱。

　　According to historical records, in the first year of Yongyuan's reign （805） during the Tang Dynasty （618-907）， a girl named Lu Meiniang embroidered the seventh volume of the Fahua Buddhist Scripture on a piece of thin silk about 30 cm long. And so, Yue embroidery became famous around the country. The prosperous Guangzhou Port of the Song Dynasty promoted the development of Yue embroidery, which began to be exported at that time. During the Ming Dynasty, people used animal hair as the raw material for Yue embroidery, which made the works more vivid. During Qianlong's reign （1736-1796） of the Qing, an industrial organization was established in Guangzhou. At that time, a large number of craftsmen devoted themselves to the craft, inciting further improvements to the weaving technique. Since 1915, the work of Yue embroidery garnered several awards at the Panama Expo.

　　據史料記載，唐代的永貞元年（公元805年），廣東南海縣一位名叫盧媚孃的少女曾在一塊一尺左右的絹面上繡出七卷《法華經》，粵繡從此名揚天下。宋元時期（公元10～14世紀），廣州港的繁榮促進了粵繡工藝的飛速發展，粵繡品開始輸出國外。明代（公元1368～1644年），廣州的刺繡藝人已經能夠嫺熟地運用各色絲絨線刺繡，並創造性地使用動物的尾羽纏絨作線，使繡品更加自然生動。到清代的乾隆年間（公元1736～1796年），第一個粵繡行業組織“粵繡行”在廣州成立，當時從事刺繡的藝人衆多，粵繡在工藝和針法上都得以不斷髮展完善。1915年後，粵繡作品在巴拿馬國際博覽會等國際賽會上多次獲得大獎。

　　Influenced by national folk art, Yue embroidery formed its own unique characteristics. The embroidered pictures are mainly of dragons and phoenixes, and flowers and birds, with neat designs and strong, contrasting colors. Floss, thread and gold-and-silk thread embroidery are used to produce costumes, decorations for halls and crafts for daily use.

　　粵繡在長期的發展過程中，受到各民族民間藝術的影響，在兼收幷蓄、融會貫通的基礎上，逐漸形成了自身獨特的藝術風格。繡品主要取材於龍鳳、花鳥等，圖案構圖飽滿、均齊對稱，色彩對比強烈、富麗堂皇。在針法上具有“針步均勻、紋理分明、處處見針、針針整齊”的特點。在種類上粵繡可分爲絨繡、線繡、金銀線繡三類，品種包括戲服、廳堂裝飾、聯帳、採眉、掛屏和各種日用繡品等。

　　小結：中國的四大名繡已有很悠久的歷史，在古代的時候，刺繡就很受歡迎，而且有着很卓越的成就，現在的刺繡技藝更加的純熟。